Oil-dispersed pH - responsive particle as Pickering Emulsifiers

In this work, the oil-dispersed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sterically stabilised poly(Methl Methacrylate-2Vinyl Pyridine) p(MMA-2-VP) particles are investigated for use as Pickering emulsifiers with varied emulsification conditions (pH, particle concentrations and oil-water volume ratios) and their adsorption behaviours on 2-Dimensional curved oil-water interface. These particles are synthesised by dispersion polymerisation in dodecane and their particle content can be controlled by varying the initial MMA: 2-VP ratio (uncrosslinked particles with varied MMA-2-VP ratio in particle cores) and crosslinker concentrations (cross-linked particles with constant initial MMA-2-VP ratio). Transitional phase inversion from w/o to o/w emulsions which are stabilised by oil-dispersed p(MMA-2-VP)-PDMS particles is induced by tuning pH from 6 to 2 in aqueous phase, regardless of particle concentrations. It is the first time reported of such phase inversion in emulsions stabilised with responsive emulsifiers by responding to the relevant environmental trigger. This phenomenon occurs only in the emulsion systems that prepared in the presence of such oil-dispersed particles containing more than 62% p2-VP in cores. The particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers can stabilise most stable emulsions than others, in particular the o/w emulsion, no released oil can be observed after 10 months preparation. Pickering emulsions are also prepared by changing the oil-water volume ratio under different pHs. Catastrophic emulsion phase inversion from single emulsions to multiple emulsions are observed under certain experimental conditions, indicating that such phenomenon is not only controlled by increased dispersed phase fraction in emulsion systems but also governed by the proton concentration/quantity in aqueous phase. The o/w high internal phase emulsion gels are stabilised by such oil-dispersed pH responsive particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers at pH 2 with 70 vol% oil phase. Eventually, the measurement of interfacial tension as a function of time in the presence of varied concentrations of oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are performed basing on a pendant drop method. Oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are more interfacially active at uncharged state than charged state. The adsorption coefficient value is large at charged state (pH2) than uncharged state (pH 6), implying the fact that such particle stabilised emulsion properties are governed mainly by their adsorption kinetic

An investigation of the interventional role of perceived norms on greener choice

Encouraging green consumption is a key goal of green marketing. However, the practice of green consumption often deviates from green attitudes. The approach of behavioural interventions can help reduce the deviation, i.e., the green attitude-behaviour gap, by influencing consumers’ decision-making. Nevertheless, this approach lacks a coherent theory underlying the promotion of green consumption behaviour, neglects the influence of self-consciousness on decision-making and intervention effectiveness, and has little recognition of its potential side effects on consumers’ well-being. To address this, this research, using a combined lens of decision-making and behavioural intervention, aims to investigate the impact of normative mechanisms as informational interventions on encouraging consumers to make greener choice and how selfconsciousness affects these interventional impacts. Three experimental studies in hotel towel reuse scenarios were conducted to achieve the aim. The findings reveal that both personal and social normative interventions are effective in promoting green consumption, and self-consciousness affects consumer responses to these interventions. The negative influence of private (public) selfconsciousness on the impact of personal (social) normative interventions provides insight into why some studies failed to produce intervention effects. In addition, the research suggests that the impact of intervention on self-concept clarity could reflect its effect on consumers’ well-being. By revealing the mediating role of green preference in normative interventions, this research bridges the causal process among personal norms, green preference, and greener choice. These findings have important implications for marketers and policymakers seeking to promote green consumption while ensuring the well-being of consumers. Focusing on personal norms can encourage sustained greener choice, as it relates strongly to green preference and further activates one’s private self-consciousness, providing well-being benefits due to increased self-concept clarity. Effective normative prompts for different marketing communication purposes can be crafted using the research's findings.Encouraging green consumption is a key goal of green marketing. However, the practice of green consumption often deviates from green attitudes. The approach of behavioural interventions can help reduce the deviation, i.e., the green attitude-behaviour gap, by influencing consumers’ decision-making. Nevertheless, this approach lacks a coherent theory underlying the promotion of green consumption behaviour, neglects the influence of self-consciousness on decision-making and intervention effectiveness, and has little recognition of its potential side effects on consumers’ well-being. To address this, this research, using a combined lens of decision-making and behavioural intervention, aims to investigate the impact of normative mechanisms as informational interventions on encouraging consumers to make greener choice and how selfconsciousness affects these interventional impacts. Three experimental studies in hotel towel reuse scenarios were conducted to achieve the aim. The findings reveal that both personal and social normative interventions are effective in promoting green consumption, and self-consciousness affects consumer responses to these interventions. The negative influence of private (public) selfconsciousness on the impact of personal (social) normative interventions provides insight into why some studies failed to produce intervention effects. In addition, the research suggests that the impact of intervention on self-concept clarity could reflect its effect on consumers’ well-being. By revealing the mediating role of green preference in normative interventions, this research bridges the causal process among personal norms, green preference, and greener choice. These findings have important implications for marketers and policymakers seeking to promote green consumption while ensuring the well-being of consumers. Focusing on personal norms can encourage sustained greener choice, as it relates strongly to green preference and further activates one’s private self-consciousness, providing well-being benefits due to increased self-concept clarity. Effective normative prompts for different marketing communication purposes can be crafted using the research's findings

Global solutions of 2D non-resistive MHD system with constant background magnetic vorticity

This paper investigates the stabilization effect of a background magnetic vorticity on electrically conducting fluids. By exploring the dissipation nature of the linearized equations, we prove the global existence of smooth solutions to the two-dimensional incompressible viscous and non-resistive MHD system.Comment: 21 page

Application of An Improved Deviation Analysis of Double Mean Data in Student’S Teaching Evaluation Data

This paper analyzes the main problems of College Students’ evaluation of teaching, and proposes a new method to analyze and process the evaluation data.In this paper, we first use the deviation analysis of double mean data method. Through numerical examples, we find an advantage of this method that it can effectively eliminate invalid data in the teaching evaluation data, but the result has a certain deviation from the original teaching evaluation data, and can not directly reflect the specific gap between different teachers or define the maximum and minimum of the teaching evaluation score. In order to objectively reflect the effects of teachers’ classroom teaching, we make a little improvement on the basis of this method in this paper, and give each student a certain weight, so as to get a more real and effective comprehensive evaluation score of each teacher. Numerical examples are given to compare the results of the two methods, and the improved method of deviation analysis of double mean data is more reasonable and effective